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| Particle Adhesion | |
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| Van der Waals Force | JKR and Other Adhesion Models | Particle Adhesion & Removal | Effects of Charge | Effect of Humidity | Ultrasonic and Megasonic Cleaning | |
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JKR and Other Adhesion Models Pull-Off Force The JKR model predicts that the force needed to remove the particle (the pull-off force) is given as
Contact Radius at Zero Force The contact radius at zero external force may be obtained by setting P = 0 in Equation (1). That is,
Contact Radius at Separation The contact radius at the separation is obtained by setting
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in Equation (1). The corresponding contact radius is given by
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